PACIFICACIÓN DEL TRÁNSITO:

Estrategias para crear ciudades más habitables.

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JUN 23

A priori se podría decir que se trata de reducir la velocidad de los vehículos, sin embargo, este tema lleva a los ingenieros de transporte y expertos en urbanismo a pensar mucho más allá, visualizar una armonía entre la seguridad vial y las necesidades de transportación de una sociedad, es decir, es un conjunto de estrategias de diseño urbano que buscan reducir la velocidad y el volumen del tráfico en las zonas urbanas. El objetivo es crear un ambiente más seguro y agradable para los peatones y ciclistas, reducir el ruido y la contaminación del aire, y mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes.

La historia de la automoción nos ha dado lecciones de una incansable búsqueda de los fabricantes de autos, por diseñar y construir el auto más potente, más veloz, más confortable y con mayor tecnología, sin embargo, en la mayoría de casos, los vehículos no solo circulan en autopistas o en campo abierto donde las velocidades no serán interrumpidas por cruces peatonales o semáforos de intersecciones.

Las estrategias de pacificación del tránsito no son recientes, la ingeniera alemana, especialista en Urbanismo y Planificación, Carmen Hass-Klau, comenzó a usar el término en 1985 en su publicación “Trying to Calm the Motor Car, Town and Country Planning”, sin duda es una referente de la movilidad a nivel mundial, sus obras refieren a interesantes estrategias de pacificación del tránsito y visualizando que los peatones y ciclistas deben tener un sitial privilegiado en la planificación urbana.

Los ingenieros de transporte han sido muy creativos a la hora de reducir velocidades en las vías urbanas, desde el sencillo “rompe velocidades” que obliga al conductor a disminuir la velocidad, a riesgo de averiar su vehículo si no lo hace, o los ajustes para reducir las calles aumentando las ciclovías o aceras.

Las autopistas también requieren medidas que obliguen a bajar las velocidades, las más utilizadas son las franjas sonoras, sin embargo, la tecnología también ha contribuido con los “foto-radares”, muy cuestionados en nuestro país, pero que, sin duda, ayudan de una manera inmediata a reducir la velocidad de los automotores.

Los beneficios de la pacificación de tránsito son muchos. En primer lugar, se reduce el número de accidentes y la gravedad de las lesiones en caso de que ocurran. Además, se reduce el estrés y la ansiedad de los peatones, y se fomenta la actividad física y la interacción social en la calle. También se mejora la calidad del aire y se reduce la contaminación acústica, lo que tiene efectos positivos sobre la salud y el medio ambiente.

Pero, ¿cómo se puede implementar la pacificación de tránsito en una ciudad? Una estrategia es reducir la velocidad máxima permitida en las zonas urbanas a 30 km/h, como se ha hecho en ciudades como París, Francia, y Bogotá, Colombia. Otra opción es crear zonas residenciales con calles peatonales y carriles bici, y limitar el acceso de los vehículos motorizados. También se pueden utilizar técnicas de diseño urbano, como la colocación de mobiliario urbano y la reducción del ancho de las calles, para disuadir a los conductores de conducir a altas velocidades.

Ecuador tiene varios casos de estudio sobre la implementación de estrategias de pacificación del tránsito, Quito está a la vanguardia con la peatonización de zonas del centro histórico, medidas que a más de un conductor han molestado, pero que, sin duda a muchos peatones y ciclistas les agrada. En esta misma ciudad se han implementado iniciativas ciudadanas como son los barrios Quito Tenis y Gonzáles Suárez, donde con señalización, “rompe velocidades” y principalmente con campañas de socialización se motiva a transitar a velocidades máximas de 30 Km/h. Además, podemos se evidencia cada vez más el crecimiento de ciclovías que reducen el espacio para automotores mediante bolardos.

Es importante destacar que la pacificación de tránsito no es solo una estrategia para reducir la velocidad y el volumen del tráfico, sino que es una forma de transformar nuestras ciudades en lugares más humanos y habitables. Para ello, es necesario involucrar a la comunidad local en la planificación y diseño de las intervenciones urbanas, y fomentar una cultura de respeto y convivencia en las calles.

En resumen, la pacificación de tránsito es una estrategia efectiva para mejorar la seguridad, la salud y la calidad de vida de los residentes urbanos. La implementación de esta estrategia requiere una visión a largo plazo, un enfoque integral y la colaboración de los diferentes actores involucrados. Con una planificación cuidadosa y un compromiso sólido, podemos crear ciudades más humanas y habitables para todos.

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